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Spain: Facts & StatsDemographicsPopulation:46,6 million inhabitants (2009) Density: 90 inhabitants per sq. km France has 53 urban areas with over 100,000 inhabitants.The five largest are:
Welfare:Spain's current welfare system is a recent creation, especially when compared to other European countries. Most of the changes in the welfare state occurred in the mid 1970s, following the end of the dictatorship of General Franco, in 1975. Traditionally, the Catholic Church had great influence over Spanish welfare policies, which were designed to support patriarchal family structures and the authoritarian state.Future concerns of the Spanish Welfare state are likely to include problems associated with unemployment, the increasing flexibility of labor markets, and an aging population. These problems have largely prevented greater social equality despite increased public expenditure. The number of people living in poverty is still substantially higher than other parts of Europe. Despite the enormous changes in the Spanish welfare state since the end of the Franco regime, remnants of the old welfare system still survived. It remains to be seen how the emerging Spanish model will deal with demographic and economic changes in the years to come. Education:Education in Spain and its system is known as LOE for Ley Orgánica de Educación, or Fundamental Law of Education. State education in Spain is free and compulsory education lasts from ages 6 to 16 years of age.Below Higher Education the system can be seen as consisting of four levels:
Children (whose parents chose that they should) enter pre-school (Educación Infantil) in the autumn of the calendar year in which they turn three years old. Following this pattern, the ages given here as corresponding to the different phases are the ages turned by children in the calendar year in which the academic year begins. Age ranges are inclusive: 3 to 5 years of age is 3 academic years. Spanish students aged 6 to 15 undergo primary (colegio) and secondary school (instituto) education, which are compulsory and (like the preceding preschool from age 3) free of charge. Successful students are awarded a Secondary Education Certificate, which is necessary to enter the post-compulsory stage of Schooling (principally the Bachillerato) for their University or Vocational (Formacion Professional) Studies. Once students have finished their Bachillerato, they can take their University Entrance Exam (Pruebas de Acceso a la Universidad, popularly called Selectividad) which differs greatly from region to region. The compulsory stage of secondary education is normally referred to by its initials: ESO (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria). University courses are structured in cycles, and have a "credit" as a measure for the lessons. First cycle courses are accessed with pre-enrollment. These are 3-year terminal studies, and when finished, a student can obtain a certificate as well as a teaching or engineering diploma. This also allows students to study in the second cycle. Studies of 1st and 2nd cycle (4 or 5 years) are accessed with the university pre-inscription. Passing it gives the right to obtaining an academic degree (Licenciatura), architecture or engineering qualification. Religion:Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, though it no longer has official status. About 76% of Spaniards identify themselves as Catholics, about 4% are members of a different religious faith, and about 19% identify themselves as non-religious. Though Spanish society has become considerably more secular in recent decades, the influx of Latin American immigrants, who tend to be strong Catholic practitioners, has helped the Catholic Church to recover.Several Protestant denominations exist in the country, all of them with fewer than 50,000 members. Evangelism has been better received among Gypsies than among the general population; pastors have integrated flamenco music in their liturgy. Taken together, all self-described "Evangelicals" slightly surpass Jehovah's Witnesses (105,000) in number. In addition, about 41,000 residents of Spain are members of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Muslims, who number approximately one million in Spain. Presently, Islam is the second largest religion in Spain, accounting for approximately 2.3% of the total population. Their ranks have since been bolstered by recent immigration, especially from Morocco. Judaism was practically non-existent in Spain from the 1492 expulsion until the 19th century, when Jews were again permitted to enter the country. Currently there are around 62,000 Jews in Spain, or less than 1% of the total population. Most arrivals in the past century and some descendants of Spanish Jews. Approximately 80,000 Jews are thought to have lived in Spain on the eve of the Spanish Inquisition. |
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